pid.hpp

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// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License

#ifndef __PROCESS_PID_HPP__
#define __PROCESS_PID_HPP__

#include <stdint.h>

#include <iosfwd>
#include <string>

#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>

#include <process/address.hpp>

#include <stout/ip.hpp>

namespace process {

// Forward declaration to break cyclic dependencies.
class ProcessBase;

struct UPID
{
  UPID() = default;

  UPID(const UPID& that) = default;

  UPID(UPID&& that) = default;

  UPID(const char* id_, const net::IP& ip_, uint16_t port_)
    : id(id_), address(ip_, port_) { resolve(); }

  UPID(const char* id_, const network::inet::Address& address_)
    : id(id_), address(address_) { resolve(); }

  UPID(const std::string& id_, const net::IP& ip_, uint16_t port_)
    : id(id_), address(ip_, port_) { resolve(); }

  UPID(const std::string& id_, const network::inet::Address& address_)
    : id(id_), address(address_) { resolve(); }

  /*implicit*/ UPID(const char* s);

  /*implicit*/ UPID(const std::string& s);

  /*implicit*/ UPID(const ProcessBase& process);

  UPID& operator=(const UPID& that) = default;

  UPID& operator=(UPID&& that) = default;

  operator std::string() const;

  operator bool() const
  {
    return id != "" && !address.ip.isAny() && address.port != 0;
  }

  bool operator!() const // NOLINT(whitespace/operators)
  {
    return id == "" && address.ip.isAny() && address.port == 0;
  }

  bool operator<(const UPID& that) const
  {
    if (address == that.address) {
      return id < that.id;
    } else {
      return address < that.address;
    }
  }

  bool operator==(const UPID& that) const
  {
    return (id == that.id && address == that.address);
  }

  bool operator!=(const UPID& that) const
  {
    return !(*this == that);
  }

  // Attempts to resolve and cache a weak pointer to the ProcessBase
  // to which this UPID refers.
  void resolve();

  // TODO(benh): store all of the members of UPID behind a
  // copy-on-write implementation because UPID is often copied but
  // rarely written which means we could optimize performance by not
  // making so many copies.

  // A copy-on-write string for performance.
  //
  // TODO(benh): Factor this out into a generic copy-on-write string.
  struct ID
  {
    static const std::string EMPTY;

    ID() = default;

    ID(const std::string& s)
      : id(std::make_shared<std::string>(s)) {}

    ID(std::string&& s)
      : id(std::make_shared<std::string>(std::move(s))) {}

    ID& operator=(std::string&& that)
    {
      id = std::make_shared<std::string>(std::move(that));
      return *this;
    }

    bool operator==(const std::string& that) const
    {
      if (!id) {
        return EMPTY == that;
      }
      return *id == that;
    }

    bool operator==(const char* that) const
    {
      if (!id) {
        return EMPTY == that;
      }
      return *id == that;
    }

    bool operator!=(const std::string& that) const
    {
      return !(*this == that);
    }

    bool operator<(const std::string& that) const
    {
      if (!id) {
        return EMPTY < that;
      }
      return *id < that;
    }

    operator const std::string&() const
    {
      if (!id) {
        return EMPTY;
      }
      return *id;
    }

  private:
    std::shared_ptr<std::string> id;
  } id;

  // TODO(asridharan): Ideally, the following `address` field should be of
  // type `network::Address` so that the default address of the PID
  // could be a unix domain socket or an IPv4/v6 address. This change
  // however is disruptive at this point and should be done after we have
  // introduced support for unix domain and IPv6 sockets into
  // `libprocess`.
  network::inet::Address address = network::inet4::Address::ANY_ANY();

  // TODO(asridharan): Currently we are introducing only an `Optional`
  // IPv6 address in the following `addresses` structure. This will
  // help us initiate some basic IPv6 support for the
  // `DockerContainerizer`.  However, going forward, once we start
  // supporting unix domain sockets and IPv4/IPv6 socket in
  // `libprocess` we will add the following fields to this structure.
  //
  // Option<network::unix::Address> unix;
  // Option<network::inet4::Address> v4;
  //
  // With the introduction of the above fields `libprocess` PID will
  // be able to support unix, IPv4 and IPv6 sockets simultaneously.
  struct
  {
    Option<network::inet6::Address> v6;
  } addresses = {None()};

  // The hostname that was used to create this UPID, if any. This is useful
  // both for display purposes and when making outgoing connections on a TLS
  // socket, where the name recorded here can be used for hostname validation
  // checks against the X509 certificate presented by the server.
  //
  // NOTE: In the context of TLS hostname validation, this can also be set
  // manually to override the result of DNS resolution before trying to
  // `connect()` to this UPID, similar to `curl --resolve`.
  Option<std::string> host;

protected:
  friend class ProcessBase;
  friend class ProcessManager;

  // A weak pointer to the actual process used to optimize enqueuing
  // events without having to go through a shared lock in the
  // `ProcessManager`. This is `None` if someone creates a UPID and
  // doesn't call `resolve()` or if `resolve()` doesn't find a valid
  // process (i.e., the process hasn't started or has terminated).
  Option<std::weak_ptr<ProcessBase*>> reference = None();
};


inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& stream, const UPID::ID& id)
{
  const std::string& s = id;
  return stream << s;
}


inline bool operator==(const std::string& s, const UPID::ID& id)
{
  return id == s;
}


inline bool operator!=(const std::string& s, const UPID::ID& id)
{
  return !(s == id);
}


inline std::string operator+(const UPID::ID& id, const std::string& s)
{
  return (const std::string&) id + s;
}


inline std::string operator+(const UPID::ID& id, std::string&& s)
{
  return (const std::string&) id + std::move(s);
}


inline std::string operator+(const std::string& s, const UPID::ID& id)
{
  return s + (const std::string&) id;
}


inline std::string operator+(std::string&& s, const UPID::ID& id)
{
  return std::move(s) + (const std::string&) id;
}


template <typename T = ProcessBase>
struct PID : UPID
{
  // Need to declare PID<U> as a friend in order to write `reference`.
  template <typename U>
  friend struct PID;

  PID() : UPID() {}

  /*implicit*/ PID(const T* t) : UPID(static_cast<const ProcessBase&>(*t)) {}
  /*implicit*/ PID(const T& t) : UPID(static_cast<const ProcessBase&>(t)) {}

  template <typename Base>
  operator PID<Base>() const
  {
    // Only allow upcasts!
    T* t = nullptr;
    Base* base = t;
    (void)base; // Eliminate unused base warning.
    PID<Base> pid;
    pid.id = id;
    pid.address = address;
    pid.addresses = addresses;
    pid.reference = reference;
    return pid;
  }
};


// Outputing UPIDs and generating UPIDs using streams.
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const UPID&);
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, UPID&);

} // namespace process {

namespace std {

template <>
struct hash<process::UPID>
{
  typedef size_t result_type;

  typedef process::UPID argument_type;

  result_type operator()(const argument_type& upid) const
  {
    size_t seed = 0;
    boost::hash_combine(seed, (const std::string&) upid.id);
    boost::hash_combine(seed, std::hash<net::IP>()(upid.address.ip));
    boost::hash_combine(seed, upid.address.port);
    return seed;
  }
};

} // namespace std {

#endif // __PROCESS_PID_HPP__